Technology is as good as the people using it: Computer technology is just a tool. Its user determines the quality of output

Installing cameras for fighting crime and tax evasion, using computer technology for removing corruption, and implementing EVMs for ensuring transparency of election results are all uses of technology to solve problems. However, "technology is as good as the people using it". Utility of a technology is dependent on the ability and competence of people using it.

Let's see some examples of technology and its tools:

A knife is as good as the person using it. On Eid ul Azha qurbani by a professional qasai vs a novice is easily visible by the quality of the cut meat. One would spoil the meat the other would make it into a treat worth remembering. Even a simple task like putting a nail in the wall with a hammer. An expert will get the nail in with a few strokes of the hammer. A novice would spoil several nails, can spoil the paint and in fact destroy the wall plaster also. Similarly, a good carpenter can create a master piece of furniture using the tools which in the hands of a clumsy novice can spoil the furniture. Using the same paints, an artist can create a masterpiece of painting, and the same paint in the hand of a novice can destroy the painting.

Like all technologies, computer technology and electronic devices are no different. In the hands of experts they can do wonders. In the hand of novices they can cause of wastage and great debacle as what we saw in the use of RTS in 2018 elections where the untested and unpiloted app failed in its first real life test.

Sandblasting the license plate number of cars is sometimes considered to be a solution for car-jacking. Recently, Kenya which is notorious for street crimes, resorted to sandblasting on cars of Nairobi. Cars not having the numbers sandbasted on window glasses are not given fitness certificate to drive on roads. The pic here was posted in 2021 that wanted Pakistan to use sandblasting on car windows for apprehending car thieves. Little did the person asking us to emulate Nairobi knew that in 1995-1997 we went through an extensive drive to get all the cars on Karachi roads sandblasted with the license plate numbers. It failed predictably because the issue in Pakistan is not being able to identify the license number of car, but the willingness and commitment of the traffic police to apprehend the criminals. The only result was that the sandblasting companies made huge money providing their services in cahoot with the police who were busy extorting money for forcing the drivers to get the sandblasting done. The project was discontinued.

In Pakistan it is the people problem not the technology problem.

‎Pakistan has been trying to stop tax pilferage and misreporting of factory outputs by installing the cameras since 1990s. There is also SRO notifications in this regard. Has there been appreciable reduction in tax pilferage. None except greasing of the palms of inspectors and giving huge contracts to camera companies.

• FBR to install surveillance cameras at factory premises

• FBR Makes it Mandatory for Manufacturers to Install Video Surveillance Equipment

There is a similar story of safe city cameras of Islamabad and Karachi. There are 2000 cameras in Islamabad. There are several thousands in Karachi too, but when the time comes they are often found to be non-operational, there is no transparency of data.

The problem is not of technology, the problem is not of laws and regulations. But the problem is people management, strategy and processes.

The case of EVMs is a classic case where government thinks that technology is a panacea of all ills of the society. They think that there is rigging in election because of lack of technology. There are so many incentives for rigging. It is a political problem, it is a social problem, it is a human behavior problem. See the detail post in this regard.

EVMs will fail in Pakistan because it is more of a management problem than a technology problem

Technology is as good as the people using it.
Technology is not the solution. Change of behavior of people who use the technology need to change!



 

EVMs will fail in Pakistan because it is more of a management problem than a technology problem

EVM is a much bigger logistics & management problem than a technology problem!
Assuming EVMs are technologically feasible, now please work out the logistics and management issues of manufacturing, testing, transportation, storage, issuance, receipts, returns, installation, post installation testing, quality assurance, maintenance, malfunction detection, repair, supervision etc of uniquely numbered 7 lac devices. Mind you, that all these devices will have to work flawlessly for only two days out of every five years in 100,000 polling stations spread over big cities, small cities, villages in areas spread over a country consisting of mountainous regions, deserts, plains, etc with highly differring levels of roads, internet, communication infrastructure using over 4 lacs polling staff that is conscripted for election duty from government departments for election duty. Each of 1lac polling stations has at least 7 hardware devices; 1 device for voter identification, 1 control unit, two ballot machines for men and 2 ballot machines for women (out of two, one is for NA and the other is for PA), and 1 RTS machine.

But, the million dollar question is who will perform all these logistics functions, who will train them, who will ensure safety, security. Mind you the devices can not be left unsecured for even 10 minutes in a country where authorized access is as much if not more vulnerable than unauthorized access for corruption reasons. Do you think that the same government officials who cannot maintain 2000 cameras in Islamabad, the most developed area of the entire country, (which are often found not working when they are needed the most), can be trusted to manage this huge logistical enterprise. The same bureaucracy who could not run a simple RTS app?

Supposing we have angels who will manage this, then who will prepare a database of 4lac polling staff that are not finalized till the last day, who will create a database of lacs of people required for managing the logistics and who will manage the tracking of devices, tampering alarms and unauthorized access and movement alarms, who will designate which serial number device should only be handled by which CNIC card holder for how long, ,.....

Above all the billion dollar question (literally) is, who will pay the cost of around $1Bn new money for the above logistics and management of 7lac devices of EVMs? Mind you $1Bn is 50% of the total amount received from IMF with so many conditionalities that it has already broken the back of people of Pakistan.

The above can be learnt through a course on Information Systems strategy and management and learning from failures of over 70% ERP implementations of the like of SAP, Oracle ERP that have been in use by thousands of organizations around the world for over 3 decades.

 
الیکشن شفاف کرنے والی 7 لاکھ EVM ڈیوائسز کی جادوئی چھڑی پر وہ پڑھے لکھے عقلمند ایمان لے آئے ہیں جو ایک کروڑ نوکریوں، 50 لاکھ گھر، 47 روپے پیٹرول، دو دن میں 200$ ارب، 5 ارب درخت، 90 دن میں کرپشن ختم کرنے ....کے جھوٹے وعدوں پر اندھا دھند ایمان لے آئے تھے!
Also see

https://www.facebook.com/787063350/posts/10159394781448351/

پڑھے لکھے عقلمند آئی ٹی ایکسپرٹ:

اگر ERP جیسی proven ٹیکنالوجی جو کہ ہزاروں بڑے بزنسز میں دنیا بھر میں کئی دھائیوں سے کامیابی سے چل رہی ہے، جس کے لاکھوں امپلیمنٹیشن ایکسپرٹس بھی موجود ہیں، وہ بھی ٪60 نئی جگہوں پر امپلیمنٹیشن کے دوران ملازمین کی ٹیکی اہلیت و استطاعت کی کمی ہونے کی وجہ سے فیل ہو جاتی ہے، تو ایک نئی EVM ٹیکنالوجی جس کی افادیت unproven ہے کیونکہ ابھی تک دنیا کے 167 میں سے 159 ممالک جن میں امریکہ، جرمنی، ہالینڈ جیسے ٹیکی ایکسپرٹ ممالک بھی شامل ہیں وہ بھی ابھی تک convinced نہیں، بلکہ جرمنی اور ہالینڈ تو استعمال کر کے ترک بھی کر چکے ہیں، اُس EVM ٹیکنالوجی کو پاکستان جیسے ملک میں "ہینڈسم پڑھے لکھے عقلمند" جادو کی چھڑی ہلا کر اُن لاکھوں پولنگ اسٹاف سے کامیابی سے چلوا لیں گےجن کی اکثریت نے ابھی ای میل کا استعمال بھی شروع نہیں کیا، اور وہ بھی ان EVM مشینز پر جو کہ ابھی صرف پروٹوٹائپ اسٹیج پر ہیں، جن کو 22 مہینوں بعد ہونے والے الیکشنز سے پہلے یکایک لاکھوں کی تعداد میں مینوفیکچر کروا لیا جائے گا، اور اُن 1بلین ڈالرز کے بجٹ سے جو ابھی estimate بھی نہیں کیا گیا اور نہ یہ معلوم کہ کہاں سے آئیں گے، اور جن EVM مشینز کو کسی اصلی الیکشنز میں پائلٹ ٹیسٹ بھی نہیں کیا ہو گا، اور اُن مشینز کو ملک کے طول و عرض پر پھیلے ہوئے ایک لاکھ پولنگ اسٹیشنز پر الیکشنز والے دن، سیاسی پریشر کے انتہائی ٹینشن میں، پہلی دفعہ استعمال کریں گے اور کامیاب بھی ہو جائے گے-
اے بسا آرزو که خاک شده

پاکستان میں 1لاکھ پولنگ اسٹیشنز، ہوں گے، ہر پولنگ اسٹیشن پر کم ازکم 7 مختلف ووٹنگ مشینز چاہئے- یعنی 7 لاکھ مشینوں کو استعمال کروانے کے لئے کم ازکم 4 لاکھ پولنگ اسٹاف چاہئے -

A chain is as strong as its weakest link:
What is the weakest link in the voting process? The polling station staff and logistics staff!

 
ان پولنگ اسٹاف کے پاس 1 لاکھ ووٹر شناخت مشینز، 2لاکھ کنٹرول یونٹ، 4 لاکھ بیلٹ مشینز، اور ایک لاکھ RTS مشینز کون پہنچائے گا- یہ کہاں اسٹور ہوں گی؟ ان کے کمپوننٹس پاکستان میں تیار ہوں گے، یا باہر سے آئیں گے؟ یہ کہاں سے اسمبل ہو کر بن کر آئیں گی؟ کس نے ان مشینوں کی کوالٹی چیک کی ہو گی؟ ان 7 لاکھ مشینوں کی بنوائی سے ترصیل تک، اسٹوریج سے پولنگ اسٹیشنز تک کی لوجسٹکس کی زمہ داری کون لے گا؟ ، اس اسٹاف کی ٹریننگ کون کرے گا؟ ان مشینز کی خرابی کون ٹھیک کرے گا؟ انسٹالیشن کون کرے گا؟ کون حفاظت کرے گا؟ یہ کیا گارنٹی ہے کہ بننے کے بعد سے لیکر استعمال تک کے دوران اس میں تبدیلی نہیں کی گئی؟

کیا ان سب مشینز کو ہیکنگ، ٹیمپرنگ، وائرس سے وہ حکومت روکے گی جو FBR کے 1 سسٹم کو بھارتی ہیکرز سے 7 دن تک نہیں روک سکی؟

بھارتی ہیکرز نے انڈین EVM مشینز کو جو تیس سال محنٹ اور ٹیسٹنگ سے تیار ہوئی تھیں ان کو دس منٹ میں $8 خرچہ سے ہیک کر لیا تھا!

الیکٹرانک ووٹنگ دھاندلی مشینز: دنیا کے 167 جمہوری ممالک میں صرف 8 ممالک EVM استعمال کر رہے ہیں! 9 ممالک وہ ہیں جنہوں نے EVMs استعمال کرنے کے بعد ان کا استعمال ترک کر دیا جن میں جرمنی، آئیرلینڈ، ہالینڈ شامل ہیں؛
چند پاکستانی ارسطو اپنے کو جرمنی، ہالینڈ اور آئیرلینڈ کے IT ایکسپرٹس سے زیادہ عقلمند سمجھتے ہیں-وہ سمجھتے ہیں کہ پاکستانی وہ کارنامہ انجام دے گا جو جرمنی کے ایکسپرٹس نہ کر سکے.....

 
See reference:

دھاندلی EVM سے کتنی آسان ہے:
https://youtu.be/Zn_sEkovKDo
ووٹنگ مشین کی ٹیکنالوجی کیا ہے:
https://youtu.be/9qmVRQHZ6bw

A Drive on a Rickety Cycle and Sufistic Thought by Shah M Ismail Rauf

This is a story/article written by my dear mamoo  Shah M Ismail  around 1953-55. Today is his 22nd death anniversary. He retired as Major in 1980s. Great man who taught me how to love and play with children.

Father of Faizan Shah, Faryal Osman Khan, Faraz Shah, Fariha Ahmreen, Farid Shah.

Rauf Mamoo of the the entire family. Humaira Tariq, Sm Omar, Rabia T Zeeshan,.....

He was our companion in Hajj of 1996. What a great memorable 40 days. 

May Allah give him the best of abodes in the hereafter. Aameen

A huge effort sorting, numbering, compiling, organizing, dating, protecting, cataloging, scanning, transcribing, editing,... is in progress.

 I have letters from SM Ismail and his siblings dating back to 1949. Letters from Rauf Mamoo's mother's sister Ayesha Faridy, from his father SM Ibrahim who died in January 1951, from his nana Shah Ab Shakoor Faridy. Sufistic poetry from Shah Ab Shakoor Faridy and deewan of handwritten poetry of Shah Ab Shakoor Faridy's father Shah Ab Ghafoor. Rauf Mamoo's, Sardar Mamoo's, Rais Khala's letters informing about the death of Shah Mujeeb Ur Rehman in 1978 and very emotional description of his last few days.

Documents/diary relating to award of khilafat to SM Faridur Rehman (in 1940s) and to SM Ismail from SM Ab Shakoor Faridy ( in around 1950s?).  Did you notice the sufistic discourse in this article? 

And of course relating to struggle of siblings establishing themselves from nothing. after leaving everything behind and coming to pakistan after partition with zero resources. And then gradually establishing bit by bit, slowly, gradually, painstakingly with mutual love and then marriages and children. 70 years later the children are well settled and comfortable. Saga of Great sacrifices.

Partition, Broken Families, Migration Ethos: Bharat ko Janey Waley by Fatima Khatoon

Farewell picture of my grandfather Abdul Ghani Hyder's return in June 1951 with the extended family. Research for names of those in Pic and labeling them with numbers was done by Khurshid Alim Zaidi, a very painstaking task.

Poem written by Phuppi Fatima Khatoon on the decision of Daday Abdul Ghani to return back to Nihtaur instead of settling in pakistan in June 1951:

بھارت  کو  جانے  والے  ،  بھارت  کو  چاہنے  والے 

حافظ  خدا  تمہارا،  مالک  کے  تم  حوالے

ہندوستان  تمہارا، گھر  تھا  کبھی  ہمارا

ہم  اُس  کو  چھوڑ  آئے  ،لے  کے  نیا  سہارا

تم  کو  وطن  تمہارا  ، ہے  اِس  چمن  سے  پیارا

روکے  نہ رک  سکے  تم  ،جب  دیس  نے  پکارا

اِس  دیس  کی  کشش  سے

میرا  سلام  کہنا  ،میرا  سلام  کہنا

ہم  اِس  وطن  سے  چھوٹے،  گنگ  و  جمن  سے  چھوٹے 

بے  بال  و  پَر  ہوئے  ہیں،  اپنے  چمن  سے  چھوٹے

بیتے  ہوئے  زمانے  ،خوشیوں  کے  سب  زمانے

پیپل  کے  سائے  میں  ہم  ،چھوڑ  آئے  وہ  خزانے 

ہے  داستاں  پُرانی  ،بھولی  ہوئی  کہانی

گزرا  جہاں  تھا  بچپن،  آئی  جہاں  جوانی

اُس  گھر  کے  بام  و  در  سے 

میرا  سلام  کہنا،  میرا  سلام  کہنا

وہ  دولتِ  جہاں  ہے  ،وہ  ہم  سر  جہاں  ہے 

خاکِ  وطن  کا  ہم  کو  ،ہر  ذرّہ  حزرِ جاں  ہے

جھگڑوں  کو  بھول  جائیں  ،پھر  پریم  رس  لنڈھائیں 

گنگا  کے  جل  میں  پانی،  زمزم  کا  ہم  ملائیں 

اُس  ماں  کے  لال  ہم  بھی،  اُس  ماں  کے  لال  تم  بھی

تم  جس  کے  دل  کے  ٹکڑے،  ہیں  نونہال  ہم  بھی 

اُس  ماں  کے  چرن  چُھو  کے

میرا  سلام  کہنا  ،  میرا  سلام  کہنا

سائے  میں  جن  کے  پَل  کر،  گودی  میں  جن  کی  بڑھ  کر

پروان  چڑھ  کے  آئے  اور  آئے  ہیں  بچھڑ  کر 

اُن  پیاری  بستیوں  سے،  اُن  بہتی  ندیوں  سے 

اُن  اونچے  پربتوں  سے  اور  اُن  کی  گھاٹیوں  سے 

غُنچوں  سے  اور  گُلوں  سے،  پیٹروں  سے  جھاڑیوں  سے 

اُس  بچھڑی  انجمن  سے،  اُن  پیارے  ساتھیوں  سے 

بھارت  کے  باسیوں  سے 

میرا  سلام  کہنا  ،میرا  سلام  کہنا

ہم  آن  بان  والے  ،ہم  اونچی  شان  والے 

ملکِ  خدا  کے  والی،  قومی  نشان  والے 

دیتے  ہیں  اِک  سَندیسہ  ،راہی  ذرا  ٹھہر  جا

مہر  و  وفا  کی  مالا  اور  یہ  پیام  لے  جا

مسجد  ہو  یا  شِوالہ  ،مقصد  ہے  ایک  سب  کا 

آپس  میں  بَیر  رکھنا  ،مذہب  نہیں  سکھاتا

اُلفت  کے  دیوتا  سے 

میرا  سلام  کہنا  ،میرا  سلام  کہنا

از فاطمہ خاتون ۱۹۵۱

"اباجان [ سید عبدالغنی حیدر] کے ہندوستان واپس جانے پر آپا فاطمہ خاتون نے یہ نظم کہی تھی۔ ۱۹۵۱"

[میرے والد احسان حیدر کا نوٹ اس پیج کی بیک سائڈ پر]

Fatimah Khatoon is my father's cousin (also my wife's paternal grand mother) and is here expressing the sentiments of the family torn apart by the partition of India. She used to write articles/poems in Monthly Ismat, which I am compiling in a book form and am currently in the process of giving final touches to the book.

My grandfather Abdul Ghani Hyder refused to settle down with his children in Pakistan and returned in 1951 to his hometown Nehtaur in Bijnor, India. His children, four sons and a daughter, all married with services in government, decided to settle down in Pakistan. My grandmother also decided to be with her children in pakistan. Majority of his extended family also migrated. Only a few cousins chose to remain in Nihtaur, Bijnor. They refused to leave their home town and their ancestral home of the family for centuries. My grandfather used to come regularly to Pakistan till  war of 1965 broke the relations with India and travel to and fro became very difficult. He breathed his last in 1966 in Nihtaur. Inna lillah e wa inna ilaihi rajioon.

Missing Names in the group photo:

5: Prof Mahmood Zaidi (USA)

10. Shah M Mubeen Ur Rehman (Sardar, Major) br/o Huzabra (w/o Ahsan Hyder)

11. Hadi Hasan (Gandhi Garden display of Mumtaz Mahal)

Unnumbered baby in the lap of (31) Mehmooda w/o Baray Osman Hyder Irani is Nayyar Rizwan 

From notes taken by me as I wrote down what  Ahsan Hyder (my father) told me about each face in around 2000.

Is Marriage an Imprisonment? Feminism, Relationships and Freedom from Responsibilities

کیا شادی قید بامشقت ہے؟ 

 This post is triggered by FB posts which mentioned marriage as imprisonment with hard labor:

"قید بامشقت"

This post captures the intent of feminist and modern thought which is now focused so much on freedom that it considers "responsibilities" as imprisonment (قید).

To reveal the essence of this thought, we apply the idea to other relationships. The key insight from labeling marriage as "qaid e bamushaqqat" is the inability of feminism to acknowledge the role of "responsibility" in relationships such as marriage.

 Hence, we consider two, more sacred, relationships: (1) mother-child and (2) Allah-Momin relationship and consider how the same concept of equating responsibility as imprisonment gets extended to reveal the inconsistency of thought.

(1) mamta ممتا is the sacred mother-child relationship which literally starts with hardest of labor pains and then continues with pains of feeding, continuous 24 hour care, sleep less nights for the first few years and total commitment. The commitment in our culture extends throughout life with responsibility shifting to the child after adolescence. Please note that feminists typically tend to delay and reduce the child bearing and rearing "responsibilities" as much as they can, but for the biological imperatives. 

(2) Allah-Momin/Creator-created relationship comes with its own responsibilities. And life is often considered as life sentence where the commandments and sharia restrict the "freedom". 

One can also see that jobs and schools are also often considered imprisonment by modern thought.

Phuppi Tufail Fatima Care for Family and Parents

My phuppi Tufail Fatima breathed her last yesterday August 23, 2021. She was 103 years of age. The اسم  تاریخ here was written by my grand father's father Syed Ikram Hyder (Naqshbandi) in 1930s.

She was an exemplary woman who maintained her regimented lifestyle through out her life till old age restricted her to bed a few years ago. Strict timings for meals, tea, prayers, housekeeping. She did her BA in 1938 and BT in 1939 from Aligarh University. She taught in the Mauripur base school in 1950-60s. Her care for immediate family and extended family members was exemplary. All through the 1970s she first cared for her mother in law on old age deathbed for around five years and then her mother during her old age deathbed. Great lady worrying about whether the family member visitors are being properly taken care of even when she had forgotten who was who and could barely talk.

Inna lillah e wa inna ilaihi rajioon 

Ism e Tareekh and Qata e Wafat: How Birth and Death Years were remembered in History

Ism-e- tareekh ( اسم تاریخ) was the name computed from the year of birth. There are numbers assigned to each letter of the alphabet. Sum of the numbers assigned to each letter of birth year name  evaluate to the birth year. See the computations of names of my father, uncles and phuppo by Syed Ikram Hyder Naqshbandi (father of my grandfather) written in 1930s. Typically they were made to evaluate to hijri years and then converted to Gregorian calendar year. Here it shows the names of Tufail Fatima, Syed Ahsan Hyder, Syed Luqman Hyder, Syed Osman Hyder, Syed Ramzan (Sultan) Hyder, and Syed Saeed Uddin Hyder. 

Similarly, year of death was often computed from the sum of numbers assigned to the letters of a verse. Typically four (قطعہ) verses were used by poets and was called قطعہ وفات. These verses and names were used to remember the year of death and year of birth.

Teachers at ICB

Sitting Sir Manzoor Ahmed Khan (English), Sir Nafees Siddiqui (English), Principal MKA Beg, Madam Shuja Zaidi (Headmistress), Sir Jan e Alam (Urdu), Sir Ghalib Raza (Urdu)

This appears to be editorial board of Sumbul, school magazine

Self awareness and layers of intentions

Self-awareness is the process of discovering deeper levels of intentions. Whenever we are disturbed and feel an urge to respond or act on a stimulus we need to introspect about what is it that has disturbed me and is giving me this urge to respond. 

Our response should be based on حسن ظن and not being judgmental because the facts may be wrong or our perspective may be faulty. This is highlighted by the three examples given in the Pic. 

But, more importantly our holier-than-thou feeling that produces this urge to respond may itself have deeper issues that require self awareness and self introspection. 

We need to first identify the intention behind any action (or its contemplation). The first reason that comes to our mind represents the first level of intention. Below the first level intention is another level of intention. Below the second level of our intention there may be another level of intention. We need to peel off these succesive layers of intentions before we discover the core intention that is giving rise to upper levels of intentions. This deepest core intention is most often a fundamental, most disturbing, weakness in us, that we are hiding with our upper level (lesser disturbing) intentions.

This is how I analyze each event that disturbs me

Q: I think there is a layer below the intentions which give meaning to reality, or forming a perception, to which we intend to responding ...

Elegance, Love and Principles in Roman Holiday

One of the most memorable endings of a movie.

I have thought a lot about the emotions and feelings generated by this movie since my early school days. 

First saw this movie in 1971-72 on PTV. Then in 1983-84 on projector at American Center audi (adjacent to Marriott) during classic films festival. Then in 1988 on videocassette checked out from movie collection at UGL in UT Austin, and later at KBVO channel 42. Then a couple of times in early 1990s rented from Blockbuster Videos in Austin. Then bought the videocassette in late 1990s and a couple of times. And watched it several times with each of my children during 2000s. And of course with CDs and now online at least once every other year.

What an experience and what memorable feelings. They don't make movies like this anymore. The delicacy and refinement of the subject, emotions and an everlasting experience. 

Happiness and Forgive and Forget Rule

Forgive and forget rule for happiness! 

The question to ask is whether you want to be happy or not!

اے شمع تیری عمر طبیعی ہے ایک رات 

ہنس کر گزار یا اسے رو کر گزار دے

 

Holding a grudge and protecting it is like carrying stale foul smelling tomatoes for long periods and not throwing them away despite their stench.

وہ اچھا سلوک جو آپ نے دوسروں کے ساتھ کیا اس کا بھولنا اس    حکمت میں پوشیدہ ہے: "نیکی کر دریا میں ڈال"  اور "احسانمند کے شر سے ڈرو"

How to Identify Synthesis in the tables of your PhD Literature Survey

Instructions to my PhD students:
Please note that The taxonomy master and taxonomy detail are only a "structured" way of organizing the information and identifying "codes" and discovering "themes and categories". It is a tool to help you identify the literature support that leads to your PS.

You need to transform this structured information into distilled tables where individual papers at max could be in footnotes.

We discussed in class the tables used by Dr Omar Javaid and Dr Junaid Ansari dissertations tables in the chapter on literature survey. The dissertations are in lms.

You need to design those kinds of tables that fit the thrust of your paper areas.

Most of you have been asked to change/make these tables.

Readings course is about digestion of papers that you have reviewed. When there is indigestion you throw up. You can identify in the undigested food crumbs that you had thrown up, the individual ingredients such as bread, tomato, beef,.. [sorry for the example¦.
Hence when I see reference to "individual" paper Id as column headings or row headings, it is a sign of "undigested" food ingredients.
Your rows and column cells should contain entries that "refer" to multiple papers (group of papers, set of papers, or category of papers) rather to individual papers. Similarly, sentences in your literature survey should be referring to multiple papers. I gave you the dissertations of Dr Junaid and Dr Omar to see the sample tables. But, many of you except Anam Qamar did not get this point.
This synthesis vs listing, digestion, and referring to group of papers instead of individual papers is mentioned clearly in my blogs, in my course outline, repeatedly in my class lectures and in my each viva session.
Even the student whose sample paper was sent to you, had to go through couple of revisions before she got it right. But she did it quickly. I am maintaining an excel where I am maintaining the instructions. Students are either not understanding this or are not putting enough time? Please send this to others and make sure everyone reads.

Tables in your literature survey must be connected to the direction of your research. I.e should be leading to your eventual PS, TS, Or methodology. The final Tables in the paper are not there to show a summary of what individual papers did. The tables are there to highlight the wisdom that you extracted from the survey that is serving as a beacon illuminating the way towards your PS and TS. Any table that is not connected with the direction of research should be modified or taken out.

The Art of Gentle and Soft Persuasion- Dr Zahir Ali Syed

Dr Zahir Ali Syed, Director of UIT (Usman Institute of Technology), was plucked from us yesterday June 11, 2021, in a murderous event reminding Karachites of how Hakim Saeed was taken away from us in a terrorist murder some 25 years ago. Inna lillah e wa inna ilaihi rajioon!

Fauqul Chacha and Family Help

I knew them both and their father Fauqul Hasan Zaidi. Fauqul chacha will regularly drop at our place for morning tea with my father and mother during his break journey on his way from his home in F-6/1 to his office in old state bank building which was being used as parliament building temporarily during 1970s. Had heard of wonderful stories of his adventures in Bengal and in Northern Pakistan

We are greatly indebted to marhoom  Rashid Bhai s/o Fauqul Hasan Zaidi for his great support and help in arranging the logistics of wedding food arrangements of my two eldest sisters Farida apa n Ghufaira apa. Farida apa with Rafi Uddin Haider in 1975 and Ghufaira apa with Misbah ahmed Zaidi s/o Fiza A Zaidi in 1977. I was in school during those days. There didn't use to be caterers of the type available today who do everything and just deliver the food on time at the event. In those days there used to be only cooks (bawarchi).  It was the responsibility of event organizers to arrange for utensils, gosht, chawal, masalay, ghee,....  Individually each ingredient had to be purchased separately, utensils rented, cooking burners set up and made available at the site. Cooks would simply come on the day, prepare n ground masalay and cook the food. Food was prepared at site by the cooks.
The entire food logistics of the two marriage functions was supervised by Rashid Bhai the great. May Allah give him the best of abodes in the hereafter. Aameen

Rise and Fall of Dictators and Kings: Delusions of Grandeur by Neocolonialism Forces

Last Shah of Iran

How the kings are installed and propped by the great powers;

Just finished seeing this BBC documentary about the shah of Iran whose pompousness we grew up with. I remember waiting for hours on the Chaklala road to airport in 1967 to catch a glimpse of the motorcade. But, I was too young (around 5) for the wait, and left early and later came to know that his motorcade has passed. Witnessed Murree Road being renamed as Raza Shah Pehalvi Road and after his debacle again being renamed Murree Road. There was such pomp and show in the newspapers about his his 2500 years coronation ceremonies, read about the intrigue and the stories of his previous wives and current wives in Jang. Also, saw the yearly pictures of his heir being groomed to take over his crown. The heir's ascent was short circuited by the Iranian Revolution. The documentary made me recall the story of the womanizer and drunkard dictator of Pakistan peeing in the flower pots during the 2500 year coronation celebrations, and the dictator getting slapped by a lady in the royal feast. I recalled the stories of lavishness of Shah, his blind following of the West, and the wholescale adoption and imposition of foreign culture on the poor Iranians. Western powers that brought him also left him high and dry after the revolution when he was moving in his airplane from country to country till eventually  was sent to Egypt to spend his last days. The daily stories of scores people being shot after the revolution reminded me of the reign of terror in France after the French revolution. 

The king was a fool made to think that he had divine right to rule, propped by US/British advisors, bent upon robbing the aspirations of poor third world countries. How this project of "modernization' at the expense of people's aspirations gets implemented. It reminded me of the puppet Last Emperor of China. How history and reality catches up with reality. Now people don't even remember or recall his artificial glory. 

Idi Amin:

The pomposity with which he came to the Islamic Summit in 1973. We thought as children then that he was much cherished by his people. His rise and fall happened in front of my eyes in the 1970s. His portrayal in Last King of Scotland tells us of the artificial pomp of the dictators, shahs and sheiks propped up by Western powers to satisfy their neocolonialism agenda. When a few years ago I went to Uganda I realized how destructive these stooges are in the developing countries. The plight of Idi Amin in an Egyptian hospital where he breathed his last was well captured by Javed Chaudhry in one of his columns. https://m.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=474290666706912&story_fbid=491247315011247

Anwar us Sadat

Qaddafi

Hosni Mubarak

Saddam Husain

Gen Ayub

Gen Yahya

Gen Zia

Gen Musharraf